Intoxication in Dogs

Article compiled by Laura Kathryn on 6-12-2025, for more articles on Shiloh Health, go to ShilohShepherd.co

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Intoxication in Dogs

See Gastroenteritis in Dogs article.

What to Do if You Suspect Poisoning:

• Contact your veterinarian immediately or call an emergency veterinary clinic or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center Phone Number: (888) 426-4435

• Provide information about the suspected toxin (type, amount, when ingested) and your dog's weight and medical history.

• Do NOT induce vomiting unless instructed by a veterinarian.

• If possible, bring a sample of the toxin or packaging to the vet. 

  
  

Several substances and items can be poisonous or toxic to dogs, leading to various types of intoxication. Here are some of the most common causes and signs: 

Common Causes of Intoxication in Dogs:

• Medications: Human medications, both over-the-counter and prescription drugs like NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen) and antidepressants, can cause severe problems in dogs, including stomach ulcers, kidney failure, and neurological issues. Some veterinary medications, if used incorrectly or in improper dosages, can also be toxic.

• Foods and Beverages: Certain human foods and beverages can be toxic to dogs. Click https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control/people-foods-avoid-feeding-your-pets 

  • Chocolate: Contains methylxanthines (theobromine and caffeine) which can cause vomiting, diarrhea, hyperactivity, and potentially death. Dark chocolate is more dangerous due to higher methylxanthine content.

  • Grapes and Raisins: Can cause kidney failure in dogs, even in small amounts.

  • Xylitol: A sweetener found in sugar-free products that causes a rapid drop in blood sugar and can lead to liver failure.

  • Onions and Garlic: Belong to the Allium family and can cause red blood cell damage and anemia.

  • Alcohol: Symptoms are similar to humans and can lead to coma and death.

  • Avocado: Contains persin, which can cause vomiting and diarrhea.

• Household Products: Cleaners, chemicals, and even certain common household items, including personal care products can be harmful if ingested or come into contact with a dog's skin. Click ​​https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control/poisonous-household-products 

  • Antifreeze (ethylene glycol): Highly toxic, even in small amounts, and can cause kidney failure.

  • Household Cleaners: Can cause stomach and respiratory issues.

  • Rodenticides: Can cause internal bleeding, organ damage, and neurological issues.

  • Insecticides: Can cause vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, and seizures.

• Plants and Flowers: Many plants, including azaleas, rhododendrons, tulips, and sago palms, are toxic to dogs. Click https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants

• Other:

  • Moldy Foods: Can contain mycotoxins, which are highly poisonous.

  • Heavy Metals: Lead and zinc can cause various health problems.

  • Essential Oils: Can cause GI upset, organ damage, and respiratory issues. 

    
    

Signs and Symptoms of Intoxication:

Symptoms can vary greatly depending on the type and amount of toxin, but common signs include: 

• Gastrointestinal issues: Vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, loss of appetite.

• Neurological symptoms: Weakness, tremors, seizures, hyperactivity, disorientation.

• Respiratory problems: Difficulty breathing, excessive panting, changes in gum color (pale or blue).

• Behavioral changes: Restlessness, confusion, lethargy, or depression.

• Physical symptoms: Pale gums, excessive bruising or bleeding, sores, burns.

• Cardiovascular issues: Abnormal heart rhythm, increased heart rate.